associated with the previous level of inequality and growth. Finally, human capital investment is positively related with the …This paper examines the determinants of economic growth, income inequality, and their relationship in the context of … capital have a disequalizing relationship with income distribution. This study also indicates that economic growth has a …

indicated positive effect of defence spending on economic growth (also negative impact after a threshold point). Investment and …The aim of present is to reinvestigate the effect of defence spending on economic growth using Zivot and Andrews (1992 … trade openness stimulate economic growth while economic growth is inversely affected by interest rate. Granger causality …

This study revisits the relationship between defence spending and economic growth using Keynesian model in Pakistan by …. Empirical evidence suggests a stable cointegration relationship between defence spending and economic growth. An increase in … defence spending retards the pace of economic growth confirming the validation of Keynesian hypothesis in the country. Current …

In this paper, we investigate the causal relationship between defence spending and economic growth in Portugal during … robust to the violation of statistical assumptions especially when the sample size is small. The ARDL-ECM estimation results … disclose that the relations between defense spending, capital, labor and economic growth are country specifics. The interesting …

expenditure and economic growth in selected Asian countries for the period 1989 to 2004. Our panel unit root test suggests that … indicates that economic growth and military expendirues are cointegrated. Finally, applying the panel error-correction technique … proposed by Pesaran et al. (1999), our empirical results show that defense spending and economic growth in the Asian countries …

and economic growth in ASEAN-5 countries from the year 1965 to 2006. Generally, our results suggest that: (1) there are … expenditure and economic growth; (2) While for the case of Singapore, the causality is bidirectional, for Indonesia and Thailand … it is unidirectional from military expenditure to economic growth; and (3) For the remaining countries, (Malaysia and …

estimation methods and unique dataset on military expenditure. The findings reveal that while growth falls with higher levels of …This analysis clarifies the ambiguous results from military spending and economic growth literature where the impact of … spending on growth by analysing this relationship contingent on initial income per capita using recent advances in panel …

important issue that has not been adequately dealt with, is the possible endogeneity of military spending in the growth equation … likely importance of endogeneity, using conflict onset as an instrument for military spending in an endogenous growth model … justified. The empirical analysis suggests that endogeneity is likely to be an important issue and using IV estimation provides …

This analysis re-examines the relationship between military spending and economic growth using recent advances in panel … estimation methods and a large panel dataset. The investigation is able to reproduce many of results of the existing literature … and their direct and indirect effects on economic growth. The analysis finds that the impact of military expenditure on …

military expenditure on economic growth. Using a meta fixed and random effects and regression analysis, our results show that … there exists a "genuine" net effect of military expenditure on economic growth. The net combined effect is positive, and the … growth literature are attributable to the sample, time periods, and functional forms. …