current practice of having direct popular elections using systems that have originated in history is inoptimal and actually … 2007 French presidential elections. Under the currently and historically grown system of run-off plurality Sarkozy got …

We suggest a dynamic game theoretic model to explain why resource abundance may lead to instability of democracy … Autocrat down. It is shown that the probability of democracy preservation is decreasing in the amount of resources if the … low institutional quality, a paradoxical effect takes place: the probability of democracy preservation may decrease with …

explain why resource abundance may lead to instability of democracy in some countries, but does not create any difficulties … creates a prerequisite for resource owners to have dominant economic power. If institutions are weak under democracy, the … the model exploration are as follows. The probability of democracy preservation is decreasing in the amount of resources …

insufficient attention in the literature. This review also compares DeLong’s approach with my own book "Voting theory for democracy …

Ministers. When we compare the SDE letter with Colignatus (2001, 2007b) “Voting theory for democracy” (VTFD) then we find that … SDE does not fit voting theory for democracy. Inspection of the material upon which the SDE letter is based also shows a …

regimes and increases the chances of return to authoritarianism. The instability of democracy also leads to the deterioration … theoretic model that demonstrates instability of democracy under poor institutions and high income inequality. …