The proliferation of services trade agreements and improved availability of data on bilateral services trade flows has … resulted in a growing literature on the theoretical and empirical assessment of services trade effects. In this paper, we … revisit the trade effects of services agreements using an updated database on bilateral services trade flows from the OECD and …

undermined the profitability of long-distance trade in cheaper textiles. That, in turn forced most textile manufacturers … dependent on long-distance trade, and especially those who had operated as price-takers, to re-orient their export … transportation, transactions costs fell, and fell enough to make long-distance trade in cheaper textiles once more profitable; and …

decades. By now, it is clear that trade liberation had an important role in freeing the economy of Indonesia from the single …-sided economic structure of oil exporting countries, and led to the diversification of its foreign trade at a rapid pace. …

Recent literature on the workhorse model of intra-industry trade has explored heterogeneous cost structures at the firm …-firms specification. We develop a symmetric two-country intra-industry trade model where firms are of two different marginal costs types … trade. However, we find that with heterogeneous fixed export costs there exists a positive bilateral tariff that maximizes …

the spiralling protectionism of the 1930s, and the trade restrictions implemented so far are limited in scope, it is … equilibrium (CGE) trade model to contrast the outcomes of a successful Doha agreement with the consequences of a scenario in which … to WTO-rule-consistent protectionism in response to the crisis would have drastic adverse implications for developing …

history shows that protectionism has been the hallmark of industrial, investment and trade policies followed in that country …

and coverage of the study. Chapter 2 provides a detailed examination of policies guiding trade and key institutions … controlling trade practices. Chapter 3 describes trade control measures in terms of tariff measures, price controls, financial … measures, quality controls, and technical measures. Chapter 4 examines trade and macroeconomic policies affecting exports …