In this paper we treat economic and legal advantages to firms in business financing through the issuance of bonds. Besides theoretical analysis paper includes the empirical analysis, a survey conducted in 50 businesses, including individual businesses and corporations, about the types of...

In this study, we test whether bankers make more loans when they enjoy superior creditor protection. We test these hypotheses using bank-level data from 35 developed countries and 113 developing countries over the period 2000-2006 and using a random-effects model that controls for bank...

Shock waves that produce large cracks deepen existing political, economic and social, and sometimes a new order replaces the old. In 2010, states across the world over blast, which invariably will lead to changing the current world order. Last twenty years have seen major changes in...

When estimating Loss Given Default (LGD) parameters using a workout approach, i.e. discounting cash flows over the workout period, the problem arises of how to take into account partial recoveries from incomplete work-outs. The simplest approach would see LGD based on complete recovery profiles...

In this paper, the need for financing through a bank loan is analyzed by integrating the resources in the causal chain: bank loan - jobs - consumption - taxes - local revenues - new sources of investment - local development. Bank credit is presented as an equally available resource for different...

Small and medium enterprises are becoming increasingly important for the creation and development of a modern, dynamic and knowledge-based economy. This is because of their capacity to promote entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial skills, and because of their ability to be flexible and adapt...

Recent literature has presented arguments linking income inequality on the financial crash of 2007 - 2009. One proposed channel is expected to work through bank credit. We analyze the relationship between income inequality and bank credit in panel cointegration framework, and find that they have...

We survey 500 business firms about the initial capital and its adequacy for business startup, how much the banking system meets the needs of business firms for loans, need for new sources of financing, if businesses possess sufficient information regarding the capital market, whether the lack of...

This paper analyzes the role of the initial allocation of ownership rights in transactions where parties make relationship-specific investments and contracts are incomplete. If there is high mutual dependence in production, the initial allocation of ownership rights is irrelevant. This result...

By comparing the development of landownership in China and England, this paper explores what were behind their different trajectories. In particular, I examined the delineation of property rights, alienation of land, rent and tax, inheritance and accumulation of land. Feudal England was a...