ARDL bounds testing approach of cointegration. Long-run equilibrium has been established among these variables for Benin … and short-run Granger causality running from GDP to electricity consumption for Togo. The results of the cointegration …. The study further establishes long- and short-run Granger causality running from GDP to electricity consumption for Benin …

-1946. In doing so, a relatively novel data-set in conjunction with the bound testing approach to cointegration and error … correction models developed within the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) framework, shed additional light on the underlying … long-run relationship between money supply and inflation. Granger causality tests between money supply and prices are also …

perform to have more consistent results. In this paper, the cointegration and causal relationships have re-examined between …

Australia using the bound testing and the ARDL approach. For the first time in the literature we employ both production and … in techniques. We find that the results of the cointegration tests could be affected by the structural break(s) in the … an ultimate conclusion on the cointegration and causal direction between energy and output. When alternative frameworks …

income, for grants on production, and for public investments). We found a cointegration relationship for three out of five … items. Moreover, Granger causality tests results show evidence in favour of Wagner’s law only for spending for passive …

capital, and economic growth in Malaysia over the period of 1970 to 2009. Johansen cointegration test suggests that PDI, the … user cost of capital, and economic growth are cointegrated in Malaysia. Granger causality test reveals that there is a uni …-directional causality running from PDI to economic growth and also from PDI to the user cost of capital in the long run. Moreover, there is …

applying ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration for long run and error correction method for short span of time …. Empirical evidence suggests a stable cointegration relationship between defence spending and economic growth. An increase in … economic growth. Interest rate is inversely associated with economic growth. Finally, unidirectional causality running from …

the period of 1980-2010. We apply the ARDL bounds testing approach in the presence of structural break. These methods are … robust to the violation of statistical assumptions especially when the sample size is small. The ARDL-ECM estimation results …, the unidirectional causality from defense spending to economic growth exists in case of Portugal. Therefore, defence …

2013 are used in the analysis. The results from this study show that there exists a unidirectional long-run causality …

the direction of causality between the three variables, based on the more robust Toda-Yamamoto modified Wald (MWALD) test …