just those at the point of retirement, this approach can provide additional insights on the efficacy of pension systems in … individuals above the 60% relative poverty threshold throughout retirement. Our simulations suggest that the gradual negative … lengthening of the time spent in receipt of retirement benefits. The consumption smoothing function of state pensions has declined …

Many of Asia‟s retirement-income systems are ill prepared for the rapid population ageing that will occur over the next … ensure that they are financially sustainable and provide adequate retirement incomes. In some countries – China, Vietnam …, Pakistan, Chinese Taipei – pension levels are high relative to earnings. Early retirement ages, especially for women, provide …

other countries’ pension systems and their experiences of retirement-income reforms. However, national pension systems are … can inform debates on retirement-income systems by presenting “hard” data that people with different visions for the … future of pensions can all use as a reference point. International comparisons of retirement-income regimes to date have …