than the average of Colombia. Moreover, we found periods of economic boom between 1800 and 1840, 1860 and 1880, and 1905 …

avoid civil war. Members of the opposition are heterogeneous in income and ideology, and heterogeneity generates …

concluded Civil War, leading, in part, to the passage of a Constitutional Amendment ensuring the “validity of the public debt ….” However, the Civil War debt crisis was not a financial one, but a political one. The Republican and Democratic Parties took … generated during the period: a repudiation crisis (grounded upon fears of the cancellation of the war debt), a repayment crisis …

civil war than countries without such resources. However insights from the ‘resource curse’ literature suggest that measures … relationship between natural resource abundance and civil war. In this paper, I propose two more exogenous measures of natural … natural resources on civil war (Collier and Hoeffler 2004, Collier Hoeffler and Rohner 2009) and replicate the exact same …

This paper reviews how the Spanish civil war was financed. We present new evidence to show that the two combatant … creation, rather than new taxes or the issue of debt, was the main mechanism used to cover the expenses of the war. We argue … argue that the Spanish Republic did not lose the war because of a lack of means. International factors, such as the Non …

war. This study seeks to apply such methods - specifically, ordinary differential equations (ODEs) - to model civil war …’s ability to make war falls far enough to make peace truly attractive. I construct several different ODE-based models and then … test them all to see which best predicts the instantaneous capabilities of both sides of the Sri Lankan civil war in the …