The aim of this paper is to study the determinants of the outcomes of patent applications (withdrawal, refusal or grant …). The application process at the European Patent Office is modelled in three stages, using a Trivariate Probit model with … current application. I investigate the behavior of the applicant after the patent office has established the "state of the art …

strengthened the patent protection for brand-name drugs as a result of the industry’s political influence. This paper incorporates … patent length and campaign contributions. The welfare analysis suggests that the presence of a pharmaceutical lobby … distorting patent protection is socially undesirable in a closed-economy setting but may improve social welfare in a multi …

structural relationship between patent length, R&D and consumption. Under parameter values that match the empirical flow …-profit depreciation rate of patents and other key features of the US economy, extending the patent length beyond 20 years leads to a … negligible increase in R&D despite equilibrium R&D underinvestment. In contrast, shortening the patent length leads to a …