Turkish social security system has been developed under various social security institutions to provide social insurance against various social risks since 1945. Although the system has just 62 years history, it is in such situation that it is just able to provide its services with income...

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Are financial markets predictable? How to predict the financial markets? These important questions are not answerable in the existing framework of either finance or economics. This paper shows in details that these questions are also not answerable in the existing framework of modern physics. In...

This article provides an alternative to the standard simplistic form of a balanced budget amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Instead of simply prohibiting government outlays from exceeding government revenues, which could lead to higher government spending and to higher taxation levels, this...

Two most important questions in social science are what drives political, economic, and social changes and where the human society is heading. The arrow-of-time coined by British astronomer Eddington refers to our daily experience that time only goes in the forward direction and never in the...

Despite repeated attempts, South Asian countries have managed only limited and sporadic success in mobilizing larger tax revenue. Tax-to-GDP ratios in most countries in the region remain below cross country averages and are considered inadequate to meet their financing needs. Underperformance in...

India's fiscal federalism, though asymmetric in nature has so far worked well to keep the federation going. The asymmetry is both vertical as well as horizontal. Former is in terms of the disproportionate allocations of revenue sources and the responsibilities to be discharged to the Central and...

Abstract Englisch Apparently the European economic model being subjected to a double competition problem. On the one hand, there are enormous differences in the level of competitiveness of the various member countries of the euro area and the EU among themselves. In the long term this Problem...

Excessive debt accumulation is an important policy concern in both developing and advanced economies because it is associated with various issues, particularly low growth and high inflation. This is apparent from the deleveraging vs. deficit spending debate; in this, the focus has tended to be on...

This paper studies a possibility of efficiency improvement by child benefit programs in an overlapping generations economy with endogenous fertility and government debt. We derive conditions for improving an efficiency by child benefit using Representative-Consumer efficiency (RC-efficiency), an...