The aim of this study is to develop a new framework (V-L-D) for detecting the short term vulnerabilities in fiscal policy for the European Union countries. The methodology relies ontwo distinct indicators: one showing the vulnerabilities signalled by the size of the cyclically adjusted budget...

As it also happened in many Latin American countries during the 60s and 70s, inflation became one of the main economic problems in the Brazilian economy. The acceleration of prices and hyperinflation coexisted not only with periods of economic expansion (1956-1979), but also with huge...

The purpose of this study is to check the Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesis in case of Pakistan by using annual data for the period of 1973-2009. Government expenditure, private consumption expenditure, tax revenue, government debt, disposable income, government budget deficit and wealth are the...

Fiscal stimuli to recover? A cascade of academic and layman-articles debate the effectiveness of fiscal policy in stimulating the economy backed up by different economic models and empirical support. This essay surveys the theoretical predictions and recent empirical Vector Autoregression (VAR)...

We examine the historical dynamics of government debt in Post-Unification Italy, from 1861 to 2009. Unit root tests for the debt-GDP ratio are unable to reject either the non stationarity or the stationarity null hypothesis. Controlling debt dynamics for fiscal feedback policies of the...

The strict assumptions of Ricardian Equivalence Hypothesis hoist the debates on this issue among different school of thoughts. Its validity entails certain assumptions which raise the doubts on its validity especially in the context of developing countries like Pakistan. The aim of this study is...

Aiyagari (1995) showed that long-run optimal fiscal policy features a positive tax rate on capital income in Bewley-type economies with heterogeneous agents and incomplete markets. However, determining the magnitude of the optimal capital income tax rate was considered to be prohibitively...

In this paper, we consider how European institutions contributed to the euro crisis. In principle, the Stability and Growth Pact was intended to minimize externalities by preventing macro-economic "bad behavior" in the form of large budget deficits. In practice, it has had a difficult history,...

Creation of optimal tax and budget systems is one of the Difficult problems of economic science. One of the most important areas of tax reform is to develop a tax code in the aspect of optimal tax gravity. The new tax code - a step to improvement, since a number of reduced taxes and simplified...

This study examines the short-run effects and dynamics of exogenous shocks to the regular budgets of the local authorities in Israel with emphasis on the reduction in government participation and taking into account the heterogeneity of the local authorities. To accomplish this, the study uses a...