An alternative theoretical setting is presented to characterise the money demand and the monetary equilibrium. Two main hypotheses are stated that contradict the assumptions normally sustained by scholars and policy-makers: National output is assumed to be a random variable, and people are...

This paper is (over the formulas) self explaining . The measurement of economies no longer by GDP alone, but by an Index that includes other important factors as well, a So-cial factors relativized GDP. This index cuts out the part of the GDP that is long term fro-zen up by social transfers...

Rising energy demand and prices, particularly for oil, has led to a search for solutions to quell this increase. With the advent of the Oil Sands, we have stumbled upon an opportunity to increase Oil supplies and thus stabilize prices and satisfy demand. A large portion of the oil sands are...

The paper describes the evolutionary history of Macroeconometrics over the last one hundred years. Three main approaches are distinguished, their underlying principles are discussed and the weakness of each principle is considered. The paper also shows the current developments in the field and...

This paper examines the information-related problems associated with the analysis of fiscal policies, an issue recently studied in connection with monetary policies but largely ignored in the literature on budgetary action. We estimate a fiscal policy rule for the EU and OECD countries using...

This paper empirically examines the relationship between fiscal decentralization and public sector efficiency. A country-level dataset is used to measure public sector efficiency in delivering education and health services and the new indices are regressed on well-established decentralization...

There are numerous debates on the need to increase flexibility through deregulation of employment protection. Many believe it is essential in generating employment but it is also believed to generate �socially unacceptable� flexible jobs. However, recent studies point to strict regulations...

In this paper we use the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) window method to compare trade efficiency for 16 OECD countries and for the time period 1996–2000. From the analysis we obtained the efficiency scores and the optimal output levels for inefficient countries for all years under...

This study is different from previous energy-GDP cointegration/causality ones by examining whether total energy consumption by industry causes total industry GDP (or vice versa), and whether per capita GDP causes per capita road and residential sector energy use (or vice versa) for a number of...

This paper tests for a sulfur Kuznets curve by examining the sulfur emissions per capita-GDP per capita relationship individually, for 25 OECD countries over 1950-2005 using a reduced-form, linear model that allows for multiple endogenously determined breaks. This approach addresses several...