Within the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the gender equality in education is considered one of the most challenging goals for most developing economies. Using Panel Least Square with Regional Dummies (LSDV) for a sample of Developing countries over the period 1990 to 2014,...

The paper evaluates the present and future international currency status of the US dollar, the euro and the yen. In section two the functions, benefits, and costs of a leading international currency are discussed. In section three key determinants for the continuous dominance of the US dollar...

A model is presented to characterise the (optimal) demand for cash balances in deregulated markets. After the model of James Tobin, 1958, net balances are determined in order to maximise the expected return of a certain portfolio combining risk and capital. Unlike the model of Tobin, the prices...

The number of municipalities in Japan has decreased from 3,232 in 1999 to 1,820 in 2006 because of municipal mergers, called Heisei-no-Daigappei. This paper estimates the effects of municipal mergers in Japan’s local public expenditure. In order to evaluate the expenditure of municipal...

In the context of China without a median voter system, this study examines whether the “flypaper effect”, an unconditional lump-sum grant from the upper governments to the county governments increases spending in a greater proportion than an equivalent rise in local income, holds true in...

Counteracting the crisis, theoretically but also practically cannot ignore the direct and consequential effects (collateral) of taxes and contributions due to the state budget and distribution of profits, on the chain: Financial Institutions ⇒ Suppliers of inputs ⇒ Agricultural producers ⇒...

In this paper is presented a case study realized on an enterprise which has debts to the state budget. The scope of this paper is to show how the State is able to collect its finances from the economic agents more efficient and the economic agents have the possibility to pay off their debts...

We analyze the behavior of state revenues since the early 1950s to determine the severity of the revenue declines experienced by states after the 2001 recession. Both total state revenues for the nation and state–level data for each state are studied. We conclude that the states were indeed...

Commencing in 2008, income taxation is undergoing substantial changes, which are unprecedented in terms of their scope and contents since 1993. These changes are stipulated in the first part, Art. 1 of the Act on Public Budgets’ Stabilisation, No. 261/2007 Coll. This Act introduces a unified...

Creation of optimal tax and budget systems is one of the Difficult problems of economic science. One of the most important areas of tax reform is to develop a tax code in the aspect of optimal tax gravity. The new tax code - a step to improvement, since a number of reduced taxes and simplified...