Programs that work very well in optimizing convex functions very often perform poorly when the problem has multiple local minima or maxima. They are often caught or trapped in the local minima/maxima. Several methods have been developed to escape from being caught in such local optima. The...

After the criterion of time to examine the evolution of the indicator values that can be given at the time (eg number of human population in year t) or the time (eg GDP in year t). The indicators characterizing economic development are absolute growth, growth rate, the rate increase.

Economic information, such as interpersonal relationships, and lead are usually placed at the basis of the facts and circumstances must always be based on a economic theory well argued. Relations between employees and managers should provide related information in terms of social issues,...

The economic, social, demographic, technological achievements, uneven distribution of raw materials, energy resources, require the opening of all economic systems. Mathematical models, came to help the arguments in this case, I propose a way to "experience" what the real situation is impossible....

Though time is a concept mostly associated with physics and philosophy, the concept of time is important to be understood in the discipline of economics. This paper attempts to highlight the importance of time in economics, particularly in knowledge economics, the discipline of economics that...

This study sheds new light on the question of whether or not sentiment surveys, and the expectations derived from them, are relevant to forecasting economic growth and stock returns, and whether they contain information that is orthogonal to macroeconomic and financial data. I examine 16...

In this study we investigate using the mean reversion processes in financial risk management, as they provide an good description of stock price uctuations and market risks. This paper does not aim at being exhaustive, but gives examples for practically implementable models allowing for stylised...

This paper studies models where the optimal response functions under consideration are non-increasing in endogenous variables, and weakly increasing in exogenous parameters. Such models include games with strategic substitutes, and include cases where additionally, some variables may be...

Exploitation of non–renewable resources is an intensively studied field of environmental economics in the last century. Since the influential Hotelling’s paper a huge progress is made in the depletable resources literature. Although a variety of methodologies is used in that problem’s...

Our paper presents an original method named The Optimum Limit of the Profitability (O.L.P.), for the characterization of the optimum physical output for one enterprise. On our research paper for the definition of this concept we have started with the exploration of the mathematical models which...