Prenatal exposure to smoking and alcohol-use is found to be correlated with various adverse consequences for children … relationship between prenatal substance use and children’s behavior problems using data from the Children of the National … Longitudinal Survey (CNLSY). Specifically, we investigate whether prenatal cigarette use and alcohol-use affect children’s behavior …

children is prone to greater variability according to life experiences than that of socially adjusted children. We find that … socially maladjusted children and, overall, investment in higher education seems to be relevant. This suggests that … interventions during life development for socially maladjusted children could be important to reduce inequality in adult employment …

sheds the light on the patient´s prevention decision in the case of smoking. This depends on age effects, education, working …

. Female’s labour force participation rises with increasing level of education. Presence of children in early age groups …

Smoking is a leading cause for diseases and death. Information on factors affecting the smoking status is useful for … policies on smoking reduction, especially in developing countries. This paper examines to what extent individuals …’ characteristics can affect the smoking status using a household survey in Vietnam. It is found that gender and age are the most …