. Due to the inadequate data availability, the cash balance held for domestic transactions by sector cannot be fully … €2 coins. Only in the case of €2 coins has the cash stock held for transaction purposes made a significant contribution … method of determining the demand for this denomination. Given the overall weakness in the growth of the cash held for …

recorded, our estimates of cash payments can be used to estimate the total volume of transactions (MV) from the payment side of … estimates of the annual volume of cash payments. Since the volume of check payments (debits to checkable accounts) is regularly … currency” and “missing payments”. The estimated volume of cash payments is so high when compared to personal consumption …

charged to the merchants, who may be reluctant to accept cards and induce the cardholder to withdraw cash. In this paper, we … empirically verify for the first time the effect of the interchange fee on the decision to withdraw cash and compare it with that … there is a positive correlation between the cash usage and the level of the interchange fees. Accordingly, regulation of the …

relation to the introduction of cash money, including commemorative coinage, iil most European Union countries in the year 2002 …

economies. Over the past 20 years Post Keynesian authors have established conclusively that despite strictly-enforced cash …