We analyze the endogenous appearance of money substitutes, their interaction with outside money, and resulting distortions in the price system of an economy with large monopolies and wide-spread informal networks. The economy consists of productive, individually optimizing agents and less...

Despite the fact that the empirical data indicate the presence of non- stationarity in wage offer distributions, the majority of job-search models are stationary. We model logs of wage offers as a Markov process with i.i.d. increments and solve two typical job-search models for reservation...