The paper focuses on multi-stage production systems. If such a system is of the more general type than a production line and many products have to be manufactured according to different technological sequence restrictions then two problems arise: (1) scheduling and (2) sequencing. The...

Many group insurance programs are characterized by experience rating features which imply that a surplus resulting from favorable experience belongs to the group, while the administering insurance company is to be reimbursed for a deficit resulting from unfavorable experience. Due to the...