We present a statistical model which uses data on National Football League games and betting lines to study how agents learn from past outcomes and to test market efficiency. Using Kalman Filter estimation, we show that terms' abilities exhibit substantial week-to-week variation during the...

When platform-based manufacturing exhibits overdesign costs then platform adoption will lead to a decrease in product line differentiation. In contrast, Krishnan and Gupta (2001) argued that in the presence of overdesign costs and platform economies, platform production always leads to a more...