Step-level models of reasoning (SLR) proved to be very successful in predicting behavior in the beauty contest game. Recently, a quantified version of the model was suggested as a more general model of thinking. In particular, it was found that the distribution of choices could be represented by...

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In this paper we distinguish between two types of white lies: those that help others at the expense of the person telling the lie, which we term <i>altruistic white lie</i>s, and those that help both others and the liar, which we term <i>Pareto white lies</i>. We find that a large fraction of participants are...