Institutional change of the 1990s in port sectors worldwide has been followed by the emergence of port investing/operating transnational corporations (TNCs). Yet the supply of investment opportunities may be diminishing and evidence suggests the investment time window is closing. Timing thus...

This paper seeks to expand understanding of inter-firm partnerships in the maritime sector. The paper recognises ocean carriers and global terminal operators as leading agents of change in the container port industry. While useful, the extant literature's focus on strategic alliances among...