Engineering and scientific measurement results of continuous quantities are not precise numbers but more or less non-precise. Therefore so-called non-precise numbers are necessary to describe measurement results. Non-precise numbers are special fuzzy subsets of the set of real numbers. For...

The basic paradigm of simulation is the probabilistic approach to describing real world uncertainty. However, in many cases we do not have an information that would be precise enough to build the corresponding probabilistic model or there are some human factors that prevent doing so. In such...

Entropy is generally a measurement of the fuzziness degree for a fuzzy set. This paper studies the entropy calculation of the standard product of two general fuzzy intervals, i.e. C=A×B, and then provides some simple formulas to get the entropy of the product C. Those formulas are composed of...

The Makeham distribution has been used to describe human mortality and establish actuarial tables. The hazard function is defined by μ(t)=A+BCt, we use the least squares type estimation to estimate the parameters of Makeham distribution in this paper. Seven cases are considered, when A, B, C...