McDonald, Ian; Zairi, Mohamed; Ashari Idris, Mohd - In: Measuring Business Excellence 6 (2002) 3, pp. 20-30
smoothed while the organisation transforms one quality era to the next. Proposes an empirically‐based framework of TQM … transformation, following a synthesis of literature on quality management practices in winners of the MBNQA and EFQA. The framework … incorporates critical factors of each phase of quality evolution, and hence implied sustainability of TQM implementation. The …