<Para ID="Par1">In order to take into account any possible dependence between alternatives in optimization problems, bivariate characterizations of some well-know univariate stochastic orders have been defined and studied by Shanthikumar and Yao (Adv Appl Probab 23:642–659, <CitationRef CitationID="CR15">1991</CitationRef>). These characterizations gave...</citationref></para>

In this paper we study convolution residuals, that is, if <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$$X_1,X_2,\ldots ,X_n$$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are independent random variables, we study the distributions, and the properties, of the sums <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$$\sum _{i=1}^lX_i-t$$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> given that <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$$\sum _{i=1}^kX_it$$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$$t\in \mathbb R $$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$$1\le k\le l\le n$$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>....</equationsource></inlineequation></equationsource></inlineequation></equationsource></inlineequation></equationsource></inlineequation></equationsource></inlineequation>