The region comprising North Africa and the Middle East is the driest in the world. Thus conflicts over water have been a part of the landscape. These conflicts over water are invariably seen as a zero sum game; such a view does not incorporate the notion that water is an economic good and is...

While financial crises during the 1990s have started a lively debate on IMF policies toward member countries, reform of the Fund's organizational structure and operations have been largely ignored. Improved organization and operations would increase IMF efficiency and membership participation,...

The Middle East has one of the highest ratios of exports to GDP in the world, yet intra-regional trade level is one of the lowest. Intra-Middle Eastern trade is examined in detail to assess the reasons for the low level of regional trade and to recommend policies for promoting trade within the area.

The oil-exporting countries of the Persian Gulf have failed economically and socially. It is time for a radical new approach to managing oil revenues while oil and gas reserves last. We propose an approach to cut the level of oil revenues available to governments to zero while incorporating a...

The Quran is the primary source for the teachings and beliefs of Islam. While the community may change the social and economic policies inspired by Islamic values ??in order to meet the changing socio-economic needs of society, the basic principles of Islamic economics and the social system,...