by comparing multi-product exporters' costs, prices and markups on the domestic and foreign markets. This firm … market and foreign markets. Markups can then be recovered at the firmproduct- market level from observed unit values and …

prices, productivity levels and markups as functions of openness to trade at a sectoral level. The theory lends itself … evidence that trade openness exerts a competitive effect, with prices and markups falling and productivity rising. Consistent …

We develop a new econometric framework that simultaneously allows recovering heterogeneity in demand, TFP and markups … quantify TFP, demand and markups and show how they are correlated among them, across time and with measures obtained from other …

our firm-level markup estimates. We document increasing markups in the overall economy throughout the first fifteen years … sectors with high markups increase their market share, which raises the aggregate markup, but this is dominated by a negative … correlation between changes in market share and markups, which depresses the aggregate. …