management practices and skills in hospitals across nine countries. We find that hospitals that are closer to universities … offering both medical education and business education have higher management quality, more MBA trained managers and lower …

We present a heterogeneous-firm model in which management ability increases both production efficiency and product … quality. Combining six micro-datasets on management practices, production and trade in Chinese and American firms, we find … inputs, and imported inputs from more advanced countries. The structural estimates indicate that management is important for …