This book is open access under a CC BY-NC-ND license. This volume analyzes the economic, social, and political challenges that emerging states confront today. Notwithstanding the growing importance of the ‘emerging states’ in global affairs and governance, many problems requiring immediate...

To quantify trade frictions, we examine multi-product exporters. We build a flexible general equilibrium model and estimate market entry costs using Brazilian firm-product-destination data under rich demand and market-access cost shocks. Our estimates show that additional products farther from a...