wage to fall by around 10 percent relative to the country with the largest surplus (Japan). But the prevalence of nontraded … goods means that the real wage in Japan barely rises while the U.S. real wage falls by less than 1 percent. The geographic …

extensive in Japan. In response to a appreciation of the yen, Japanese firms reduce their export prices in yen sharply so as to …

This paper offers a comparative study of the evolution of employment systems in the U.S. and Japan, using a game ….S.and Japan during the first three decades of this century. In both countries, employment relations evolved from ones governed by …-term contracts and company-wide employee representation.The paper then documents the subsequent processes of bifurcation. While Japan …

data for the U.S. and Japan from 1960 through 1981. The empirical results suggest that markups for manufacturing firms in … the U.S. and Japan have increased over time, but tend to be procyclical in the U.S. and countercyclical in Japan. This …

This study examines the relationship between Japan's manufactured exports to individual markets and the economic … in the context of a typical gravity model explaining the cross-country variation of Japan's manufacturing exports. Second …. The level of Japan's manufactured exports to a country is almost always positively related to employment in foreign …

firms, in both Japan and the U.S., and relate them to differences in the rates of growth in their capital-labor ratios and … estimated effect of the growth in the capital-labor ratio on firm productivity is approximately twice as large in Japan than in …