tightening constraints on water, arable land, and other natural resources, agricultural innovation is quickly becoming the most … universities, which, historically, have been a major source of agricultural innovation, increasingly dependent on funding from … evidence on the forces that drive research and innovation in agriculture. This book aims to provides such evidence through …

' effects on chemical innovation in the U.S. we compare changes in patenting by U.S. inventors in research fields of émigrés ….S. invention. Inventor-level data indicate that émigrés encouraged innovation by attracting new researchers to their fields, rather …

What is the optimal system of intellectual property rights to encourage innovation? Empirical evidence from economic … existence of strong patent laws encourage innovation? And 2) May patent laws influence the direction - as opposed to the rate … innovations in developing countries, discourage innovation in the developing countries? This essay summarizes results of existing …

tolerance under the New Deal to investigate the effects of pools on innovation within 20 industries. Difference … discourage innovation by weakening competition to improve substitutes …

that pools encourage innovation in pool technologies, albeit at the cost of innovation in substitutes. Empirical evidence … innovations by new firms for a historical pool in the sewing machine industry (1856-1877) to examine effects on innovation …. Contrary to theoretical predictions, this analysis suggests that pools may discourage innovation in pool technologies and shift …

The Plant Patent Act of 1930 was the first step towards creating property rights for biological innovation: it … varieties to examine whether the Act encouraged innovation. Nearly half of all plant patents between 1931 and 1970 were for … innovation: less than 20 percent of new roses were patented, European breeders continued to create most new roses, and there was …

a package to other firms. Regulators favor pools as a means to encourage innovation: Pools are expected to reduce … the effects of a patent pool on innovation. Contrary to theoretical predictions, the sewing machine pool appears to have … discouraged patenting and innovation, in particular for the members of the pool. Data on stitches per minute, as an objectively …

impact by serving as a new general-purpose “method of invention” that can reshape the nature of the innovation process and … stimulating research productivity and innovation-oriented competition going forward …

segmentation) shaped the underlying incen- tives for innovation in the PC industry during the mid to late 1980s …

's fairs between 1851 and 1915. Exhibition data show that the industry where an innovation is made is the single most important …