current law. Calculations of expected utility show that these risk reduction techniques can raise expected utility relative to … the plans with no guarantees. The ability to do so depends on the individual's risk aversion level. This underlines the … idea that different individuals would rationally prefer different investment strategies and risk reduction options …

This paper examines the risk aspects of a fully phased-in investment-based defined contribution Social Security plan … system. A higher saving rate provides a cushion' that reduces the risk of unacceptably low benefits. For example, saving 6 … annuity exceeds 92 percent of the benchmark benefit. We also study a modified plan in which retirees face no risk of …

Ranguelova that examined the implication of portfolio risk after the transition to an investment-based system has been completed … system that is completely investment-based. We model intergenerational guarantees and assess the risk of such guarantees to … combinations of taxes and saving deposits in the later years. The extra risk to retirees and/or taxpayers is relatively small …

This paper examines the risk aspects of an investment-based defined contribution Social Security plan. We focus on the … risk after the plan is fully phased in. Individuals deposit a fraction of wages to a Personal Retirement Account (PRA … cushion' that protects the individual from the risk of an unacceptably low level of benefits. For example, PRA deposits of 6 …

This paper examines the sources of current conflict within the EU and the EMU. The topics discussed include the recent …