What is the optimal system of intellectual property rights to encourage innovation? Empirical evidence from economic … existence of strong patent laws encourage innovation? And 2) May patent laws influence the direction - as opposed to the rate … innovations in developing countries, discourage innovation in the developing countries? This essay summarizes results of existing …

tolerance under the New Deal to investigate the effects of pools on innovation within 20 industries. Difference … discourage innovation by weakening competition to improve substitutes …

The Plant Patent Act of 1930 was the first step towards creating property rights for biological innovation: it … varieties to examine whether the Act encouraged innovation. Nearly half of all plant patents between 1931 and 1970 were for … innovation: less than 20 percent of new roses were patented, European breeders continued to create most new roses, and there was …

a package to other firms. Regulators favor pools as a means to encourage innovation: Pools are expected to reduce … the effects of a patent pool on innovation. Contrary to theoretical predictions, the sewing machine pool appears to have … discouraged patenting and innovation, in particular for the members of the pool. Data on stitches per minute, as an objectively …

How do non-practicing entities ("Patent Trolls") impact innovation and technological progress? Although this question …", who exploit the patent system to extract rents and thereby hurt innovation. We employ unprecedented access to NPE … also find that downstream innovation drops in fields where patents have been acquired by NPEs. Finally, our numerical …

's fairs between 1851 and 1915. Exhibition data show that the industry where an innovation is made is the single most important …

of patent law on innovation. The data have been constructed from the catalogues of two 19th century world fairs: the …

fertility of an innovation in generating more innovations cannot be observed. The menu of patent scope can be implemented with …