the contributions of process and product innovations and scale economies. The results show that product innovation … innovation …

relating to patenting, robust conclusions regarding the empirical consequences for technological innovation of changes in … patent policy are few. Possible reasons for these limited results are discussed, and possible avenues for future research are …

date, have largely concluded that patent pools have been associated with reduced rates of technical innovation in the … of innovation in product markets, rather than on indirect correlates of innovation (like patents), and by exploiting … product markets, and the rate of technical innovation in optical disc products. The analysis concludes that different …

War II. In 1940, a group of top U.S. science administrators organized a major coordinated research effort to support the … Allied war effort, including significant investments in medical research which yielded innovations like mass …-produced penicillin, antimalarials, and a flu vaccine. We draw on this episode to discuss the economics of crisis innovation. Since the …

evidence on the forces that drive research and innovation in agriculture. This book aims to provides such evidence through … tightening constraints on water, arable land, and other natural resources, agricultural innovation is quickly becoming the most … universities, which, historically, have been a major source of agricultural innovation, increasingly dependent on funding from …

This paper examines the impact of government assistance through R&D grants on innovation output for firms in New … the world while its effects on process innovation and any product innovation are relatively much weaker. Moreover, there …