-level approaches to estimate the size of (a) employment losses in directly exposed manufacturing industries, (b) employment effects in … indirectly exposed upstream and downstream industries inside and outside manufacturing, and (c) the net effects of conventional …

-using U.S. manufacturing industries. There is some limited support for more rapid productivity growth in IT …-intensive industries depending on the exact measures, though not since the late 1990s. Most challenging to this paradigm, and our … expectations, is that output contracts in IT-intensive industries relative to the rest of manufacturing. Productivity increases …