Canadian immigrants at the time of immigration fall short of the earnings of comparable Canadian-born individuals, and (2 … recent changes in Canadian immigration policy, labor market discrimination against visible minorities, and the prolonged …

quality of immigrants' labor market skills declined following changes in Canada's immigration policies in 1974 that led to a …, although the wage catch-up is not complete until 13 to 22 years after entry into Canada. These results are revealed clearly in … that the variance of immigrant earnings increases with their duration of stay in Canada, and since there are no …