-produced penicillin, antimalarials, and a flu vaccine. We draw on this episode to discuss the economics of crisis innovation. Since the …

an induced innovation externality. This alternative mechanism, by contrast, causes people to devote an inefficiently high … level of self-protection. As an empirical example of this externality, we analyze the innovation induced by the obesity … epidemic. Obesity is associated with an increase in the incidence of many diseases. The induced innovation hypothesis is that …

Though fundamental to innovation and essential to many industries and occupations, individual creativity has received … for the management of creative workers and for the implementation of competitive procurement mechanisms for innovation …

opportunities. The paper also provides new evidence on induced pharmaceutical innovation. In both cases we use the change in the … demographic structure of the market (measured by age structure and obesity prevalence) to test the induced innovation hypothesis … pharmaceutical innovation responds to aging- and obesity-induced changes in potential market size …

life, while laying the foundation for postwar innovation policy. Scholars and policymakers have appealed to the wartime … innovation effort: priority setting, selecting and engaging researchers, a funding mechanism, coordinating research efforts, and … framework for decision-making. We conclude by discussing other lessons from OSRD, such as what makes crisis innovation policy …