bank failure rates in Michigan during the period 1932-1934, which includes the important Michigan banking crisis of early … purchases (the policy tool employed after March 1933) on bank failure rates. Our estimates treat the receipt of RFC assistance … assistance that are not directly related to failure risk) for analyzing the effects of RFC assistance on bank survival. We find …

quality of bank assets and management. All three types of information were useful for gauging the condition of the bank, and … affected bank behavior, including a publicly observable signal (skipping a dividend payment). Participants in the market for … bank liabilities reacted to this signal in ways that promoted market discipline …

This paper provides the first comprehensive econometric analysis of the causes of bank distress during the Depression …. We assemble bank-level data for virtually all Fed member banks, and combine those data with county-level, state … bank failure. We construct a model of bank survival duration using these fundamental determinants of bank failure as …