When materials offshoring is measured by estimating imported intermediate inputs, a common assumption used is that an … the 3-digit I-O industry level, there is a correlation of 0.68 between the offshoring shares made with and without the …

to work. Controlling for housing reduces the negative coefficient of import exposure on manufacturing employment by 20 …-25%, with a significant indirect magnification through the housing market. Combining manufacturing and construction employment …, the indirect effect of the China shock through the housing market explains one-fifth as much of the variance in employment …

We identify “first generation” statistics to measure offshoring as the share of imported intermediate inputs in costs … demand and relative wages due to offshoring. A limitation of these statistics is that they cannot be used to measure the … impact on real wages, and for that purpose, we need price-based measures of offshoring. More recently, “second generation …

, age, and prior growth. Relative to controls, employment at target establishments declines 3 percent over two years post … at target firms are less than 1 percent of initial employment. In contrast, the sum of gross job creation and destruction … at target firms exceeds that of controls by 13 percent of employment over two years. In short, private equity buyouts …

We examine the employment responses to import competition from China and to global export expansion from the United …

.5 percent below the 1990 peak and a mere one percent above the 1993 trough. Employment rates tell a similar story. Our …