disability and its association with a wide range of outcomes, including earnings, income, and consumption. We then employ some of … decline in after-tax income, a 24 percent decline in food and housing consumption and a 22 percent decline in food consumption …

result in income or health gains …

In the U.S., analyses of poverty rates and the effects of anti-poverty programs rely almost exclusively on income data … mothers. Our earlier work did not show that income and consumption differ in practice. Here we further examine data quality … issues and show that important conclusions about recent trends depend on whether one uses consumption or income. Changes in …

and agriculture), and an increase in profit. But this increase in profit was offset by a reduction in income from casual … labor, so overall there was no gain in measured income or consumption. We find suggestive evidence that these results are …

We evaluate consumption and income measures of the material well-being of the poor. We begin with conceptual and … pragmatic reasons that favor income or consumption. Then, we empirically examine the quality of standard data by studying … aggregates. We also compare low reports of income and consumption to other measures of hardship and well-being. The closer link …