Continental trade blocs are emerging in many parts of the world almost in tandem. If trade blocs are required to … reduction of trade barriers against non-member countries. That may not be politically feasible. On the other hand, in a world of …

Japanese exports between 1880 and 1910 increased massively in volume, changed composition, and shifted away from … new disaggregated data set of the bilateral-product level exports for the universe of Japanese trade partners, we find … that changes in various extensive margins (new markets, new goods) account for over 30 percent of export growth over this …

A large literature has documented an association between economic growth and export diversification. We study this … of textile products in large quantities. There is a decrease in specialization from 1860 to World War I along the lines … advantage. The decline of export concentration is associated with a chronic deficit in the balance of trade during the Belle …

in intra-industry trade. On average, rising imports did not prejudice exports. Liberalization allowed for an expansion of …

-slump macroeconomic cycles. During both crises, world trade collapsed faster than world incomes and the trade decline was highly …

determinants of the shares of major currencies in the reserve holdings of the world's central banks. Significant factors include … euro might in the future rival or surpass the dollar as the world's leading international reserve currency appears to …