The accession countries to the euro area are increasingly binding their economic activity, external and internal, to … the euro area countries. One aspect of this phenomenon concerns the currency invoicing of international trade transactions … within exporter profitability. These considerations yield country-specific estimates about the degree of euro …

The introduction of the euro on 1 January 1999 created the conditions for an integrated government bond market in the … euro area. Using a unique data set from the electronic trading platform Euro-MTS, we consider what is the benchmark' in … complex pattern of benchmark status in euro-area government bonds …

Foreign exchange reserve accumulation has risen dramatically in recent years. The introduction of the euro, greater … currencies. Making various assumptions on expected currency returns and the variance-covariance structure, we assess how the euro …-free) currency. (ii) The optimum portfolios show a much lower weight for the euro than is observed. This suggests that the euro may …

countries and product categories, in the euro area over the last fifteen years. Our results show that the transmission of … the introduction of the euro caused a structural change in this transmission. Although estimated point elasticities seem … to have declined since the introduction of the euro, we find little evidence of a structural break in the transmission of …

The European Union will enter Stage Three of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) in 1999. The development of euro … financial markets and thickness externalities in the use of the euro as a means of payment will be the major factors determining … the importance of the euro as an international currency. As euro securities markets become deeper and more liquid and …