1990 the proportion of British establishments which recognised manual or non-manual trade unions for collective bargaining … conjunction with recent changes in the nature of employment in the British labour market, seem to paint a bleak picture for unions …

America are women. While early studies of unions and inequality focused on males, recent studies find that unions reduce wage … in the effects of unionization on wage inequality. At present, unions reduce economy-wide wage inequality by less than 10 … unions on male and female wage inequality no longer differ. The key differences in union impacts are between the public and …

find that unions have remarkably similar qualitative impacts in all three countries. In particular, unions tend to …