with empirical evidence, the model shows that (a) value stocks are those with higher cash-flow risk; (b) the size of the … value premium is larger in %u201Cbad times,%u201D due to time variation in risk preferences; (c) the unconditional CAPM …

associated with average returns. We show that the resulting portfolios are likely to capture not only the priced risk associated … with the characteristic, but also unpriced risk. We develop a procedure to remove this unpriced risk using covariance …