that accelerated even more up to 1950-1975. What explains the spread of the industrial revolution world-wide and this … to have taken resource advantages away from the European and North American leaders, and integrating world financial …

experience in the Old World, the New World last century and a half …

This paper uses a new database to establish two findings covering the first globalization boom before World War I, the … second since World War II, and the autarkic interlude in between. First, there is strong evidence supporting a Tariff …-Growth Paradox: protection was associated with fast growth before World War II, while it was associated with slow growth thereafter …

This paper uses a new database to establish a key finding: high tariffs were associated with fast growth before World … controlling for novel measures of the changing world economic environment. Rejecting alternative explanations based on changing … head in a world environment characterized by a moderately higher level of generalized tariff protection. We confirm the …

world commodity and factor markets, history offers an unambiguous positive correlation between globalization and convergence …. But is the correlation spurious? When the pre-World War I years are examined in detail, the correlation turns out to be …