Economic and social theorists have modeled race and ethnicity as a form of personal identity produced in recognition of … race and ethnicity is potentially endogenous because racial and ethnic identities are fluid. We look at the free African … race individuals then choose whether or not to adopt that mulatto identity. Adopting a mulatto identity generates pecuniary …

effects are stronger intra-race and that some effects do not operate through peers' achievement. For instance, both males and …

important for explaining the labor market outcomes of adults. This evidence points to the importance of early (preschool) family … factors and environments in explaining both cognitive and noncognitive ability differentials by ethnicity and race. Policies …

, controlling for family background, blacks are more likely to enroll in college than whites. This relationship is somewhat … understand what is driving these differences across the distribution of family background characteristics and why the …

is not an accident but instead represents a complex mixture of government and family choices. While the goals of the … abilities and family background. The results show that a higher percentage of Black schoolmates has a strong adverse effect on …

compete for students that differ by race, household income, and academic qualification. Colleges maximize a quality index that … means than that of whites. In benchmark equilibrium, colleges may condition admission and tuition on race. In a … tuition policies are race blind. Colleges then use the informational content about race in income and academic score in …