This paper reviews the empirical evidence on firm heterogeneity in international trade. A first wave of empirical … findings from micro data on plants and firms proposed challenges for existing models of international trade and inspired the … multi-product firms, offshoring, intra-firm trade and firm export market dynamics …

When materials offshoring is measured by estimating imported intermediate inputs, a common assumption used is that an … the 3-digit I-O industry level, there is a correlation of 0.68 between the offshoring shares made with and without the …

mechanism ndash; spaghetti bowls as building blocs ndash; whereby offshoring creates a force that encourages the …

We use firm-level data on U.S. multinationals to show how offshoring affects domestic employment within and across … firms. We introduce a new instrument for offshoring: Bilateral Tax Treaties, which reduce the cost of offshore activities … in employment at the U.S. parent firm, with smaller effects at the industry and regional levels. In contrast, offshoring …

The rise of offshoring of intermediate inputs raises important questions for commercial policy. Do the distinguishing … features of offshoring introduce novel reasons for trade policy intervention? Does offshoring create new problems of global … policy cooperation whose solutions require international agreements with novel features? Can trade agreements that are …

offshoring in the short run and in the long run (when technology levels are endogenous). The short-run analysis shows that when … research efforts in response to increased offshoring. In particular, the rich country always gains from increased fragmentation …

U.S. manufacturing employment. Our findings suggest that offshoring by multinationals was a key driver of the observed …

paper estimates the effects of offshoring on productivity in US manufacturing industries between 1992 and 2000. It finds … that service offshoring has a significant positive effect on productivity in the US, accounting for around 10 percent of … labor productivity growth during this period. Offshoring material inputs also has a positive effect on productivity, but the …