International Adult Literacy Survey we find that employment of skilled to unskilled labour is unrelated to differences in skill … premium but that changes in relative employment are related to changes in relative wages raising the possibility of some … substitution behavior. Still, the differing dispersion of wages is not a major contributor to differences in employment rates. The …

allows for local bargaining. The Italian system has significant costs in terms of forgone aggregate earnings and employment …

employment and earnings of various demographic groups during the 1980s. Results show that, although earnings and employment … impacts on the earnings and employment of these demographic groups. We also find that popu- lation shifts across areas … importantly to relatively greater deterioration of employment and earnings of these groups in declining areas during the 1980s …