Regulation consists of rulemaking and enforcement. Economic theory offers two complementary rationales for regulating … arise in multi- party relationships and that regulation introduces opportunities to impose rules that enhance the welfare of … discretion and choose actions for the common good. Agency-cost theories portray regulation as a way to raise the quality of …

-level governance, country-level governance, country-level regulation, and bank balance sheet and profitability characteristics before …

During the Progressive Era at the beginning of the 20th century, the United States replaced litigation by regulation as … enforcement strategy between litigation and regulation based on the idea that justice can be subverted with sufficient expenditure … environment of significant inequality of wealth and political power. The switch to regulation can then be seen as an efficient …

regulation. It models how inter-jurisdictional competition for firms limits the extent of local regulation and how greater … sources of tax or inter-governmental revenues reduce the need for regulation and corruption. The paper estimates a large … reduction in regulation in better funded localities. The findings are directly relevant to Indonesia where corruption is high …