This paper documents that the Rise of (Western) Europe between 1500 and 1850 is largely accounted for by the growth of …. Atlantic trade and colonialism affected Europe both directly, and indirectly by inducing institutional changes. In particular …, thus enabling new merchants in these countries to benefit from Atlantic trade. Therefore, the Rise of Europe was largely …

Monetary policies in the U.S., Japan, Germany and the United Kingdom over the period 1973-1986 are compared and … Bundesbank and the Bank of Japan each focus on one money target, described by the Bundesbank as a target, and by the Bank of … Japan as a projection. None of the countries has stuck rigorously to the targets, though the Bank of Japan has come close …

realignment of world growth rates -- with Japan and Europe growing faster, and the U.S. growing more slowly -- is likely to solve … a percentage point of GDP. Taken together, these results indicate that a realignment of global growth -- with Japan and …

stabilizers in Eastern and Southern Europe are much lower than in Central and Northern European countries. We also investigate …

three approaches to analyze debt sustainability in the United States and Europe after the recent surge in public debt …

variation in these factors across Europe. Competitive pressures should lead to a convergence of regulation, but national …