paper investigates whether bank ties in Japan were costly for mature and healthy firms in the 1980's and 1990's, and whether … banks continued to facilitate investment once non-bank financing options became available. Using the explicit bond issuing … much larger for main bank client firms, once bond market access is controlled for. This result, coupled with results on the …

We draw on stylized facts from the finance literature to build a model where altering the relative costs of bank and … both the largest and smallest firms. In contrast, reducing the frictions involved in bank lending promotes the expansion of …---promoting bond issuance causes exit while cheaper bank credit induces entry. When reducing transactions costs in one market, the …

We use exogenous variation in the degree of restrictions to bank competition across Italian provinces to study both the … effects of bank regulation and the impact of deregulation. We find that where entry was more restricted the cost of credit was … increase in bad loans. In provinces where restrictions to bank competition were most severe, the proportion of bad loans after …

implement a case-study on the response of banks in France, Germany, Italy and Spain to a monetary tightening. The episode we … transmission chain by analysing the response of bank loans to the monetary tightening. Our experiment provides evidence on the … not find evidence of a significant response of bank loans to the monetary tightening, which occurred during 1992, in any …