learning algorithm. The algorithm uncovers two distinct behavioral types: “leaders” and “managers”. Leaders focus on multi …-function, high-level meetings, while managers focus on one-to-one meetings with core functions. Firms with leader CEOs are on average …

minority job performance. In the stores studied, cashiers work with different managers on different days and their schedules … are determined quasi-randomly. When minority cashiers, but not majority cashiers, are scheduled to work with managers who … minority workers: while on average minority and majority workers perform equivalently, on days where managers are unbiased …

. We derive the optimal compensation contracts for managers and demonstrate that the use of high-powered incentives will be … limited by the need to soften product market competition. In particular, when managers can be compensated based on their own …

result of powerful managers setting their own pay. Others interpret high pay as the result of optimal contracting in a …